Ackley's Blog: Art History

Realism
-žthe attempt to represent subject matter truthfully, without artificiality and avoiding artistic conventions, implausible, exotic and supernatural elements.

History in realism
-žRealism was a historical movement that had a profound influence on the literature and figurative arts of Europe.

-žEvolved in France during the revolutions of 1830 and 1848. It reached its peak during the Second Empire (1852-70) and began to wane in the 1870s.

Realism Artist

Gustave Courbet

Artwork

Title :

• Farmer of Flagey on the Return From the market.

Years:

• 1850

Medium:

• oil on canvas

Impressionism

-Impressionism is an art style developed in France painted images of their subjects showing the effects of colour, sunlight and shade on things at different times of day.

-The impressionist style of painting is characterized chiefly by concentration on the general impression produced by a scene or object.

-The use of unmixed primary colours and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light.

History In Impressionism

-In the 1860's, a group of French painters rejected the current ideas about painting. They tried to free themselves of rules and traditions and to portray their immediate impression.

-These painters attempted to achieve a convincing depiction of the light in their landscapes, townscapes and portraits.

Impressionism Artist

Claude Monet

Artwork

TITLE : CAMILLIE MONET ON HER DEATBED

YEAR : 1879

MEDIUM : OIL ON CANVAS

DEMENSIONS : 90 X 68CM (35.4 x 26.8IN )

Surrealism

-žSurrealism is a cultural movement that began in the 1920s, and it is best known for its visual artworks and writings. A literary movement that experimented with a new mode of expression called automatic writing, or automatism, which sought to release the unbridled imagination of the subconscious.

History In Surrealism

-žSurrealism as we know it today is closely related to some forms of abstract art. In fact, they shared similar origins, but they diverged on their interpretation of what those origins meant to the aesthetic of art.

-žAt the end of the First War World, Tristan Tzara, leader of the Dada movement, wanted to attack society through scandal. He believed that a society that creates the monstrosity of war does not deserve art, so he decided to give it anti-art–not beauty but ugliness. With phrases like Dada destroys everything! Tzara wanted to offend the new industrial commercial world–the bourgeoisie. However, his intended victims were not insulted at all. Instead they thought that this rebellious new expression opposed, not them but the "old art" and the "old patrons" of feudalism and church dominion. In fact, the bourgeoisie embraced this "rebellious" new art so thoroughly that anti-art became Art, the anti-academy the Academy, the anti-conventionalism the Convention, and the rebellion through chaotic images, the status quo.

Surrealism Artist

Salvador Dali

Artwork

TITLE : THE GREAT MASTURBATOR

YEAR : 1929

MEDIUM : OIL ON CANVAS

DEMENSIONS : ( 43.3IN X 59.1IN )

Dadaism

-The cultural movement that began in neutral Zürich, Switzerland, during World War I and peaked from 1916 to 1920.

-Visual arts involving, literature (poetry, art manifestos, theories of art), theatre, and graphic design, which focuses on anti-war military through the rejection of current standards in art through the cultural works of art anti.

History in Dadaism

-The history of the chest is a proof that the vision of a group of young revolutionary progressive will be heard by the world.

-Hugo Ball, Jean Arp, Richard Hulsenbeck, Tristan Tzara, Marcel Janco, and Rossum was welcomed to Hennings in 1916. A group of young artists of Europe that had it-thinking conservative thoughts that drag them to World War I to 1 while it is. Their hijrah to Zurich, Swiss a netral not in favour of any page. They want to make a motion asserting the problems-problems in Europe while it, in particular the thought of the borjuis colonial nationalist and capitalist. Hugo Ball set as the leadership of the movement of the chest of Zurich.]

-The name of the chest itself taken the moment they retrieved a knife to the German-French dictionary, the knife pointing to your chest. That meant is the Toy horse in French and goodbye in German.

Dadaism Artist

Marcel Duchamp

Artwork

TITLE : FOUNTAIN

YEAR : 1917

DESCRIPTION : Photograph by Alfred Stieglitz. Captions read: "Fountain by R. Mutt, Photograph by Alfred Stieglitz, THE EXHIBIT REFUSED BY THE INDEPENDENTS.

Pop Art

-Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in the late 1950s in the United States.

-Pop art is aimed to employ images of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any given culture, most often through the use of irony.

-Pop art often takes as its imagery that which is currently in use in advertising. In Pop art, material is sometimes visually removed from its known context, isolated, and/or combined with unrelated material.

History In Pop Art

- Pop art is a visual art movement that emerged in the mid-1950s in British and become parallel with the end of the 1950s in the United States.

-Pop artist focusing his attention on the image-the image of a common popular culture such as ' billboards ', a cartoon picture of a row of several paintings, false advertising and magazine products.

Pop Art Artist

Andy Warhol

Artwork

TITLE : CAMPBELL’S SOUP CANS

YEAR : 1962

MEDIUM : SYNTHETIC POLYMER PAINT

Group Work Presentation about Pop Art

Pop Art (1950s)

• Pop art is an art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in the late 1950s in the United States.

• Pop art is aimed to employ images of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any given culture, most often through the use of irony.

• Pop art often takes as its imagery that which is currently in use in advertising.

• In Pop art, material is sometimes visually removed from its known context, isolated, and/or combined with unrelated material.

History In Pop Art

· Pop art is a visual art movement that emerged in the mid-1950s in British and become parallel with the end of the 1950s in the United States.

· Pop artist focusing his attention on the image-the image of a common popular culture such as ' billboards ', a cartoon picture of a row of several paintings, false advertising and magazine products.

Andy Warhol

• Name: Andy Warhol

• Nationality: American

• D.O.B: August 6,1928

• Field: Printmaking ,Painting ,Cinema

• Training: Carnegie Mellon University

• Art Movement: Pop Art

Art Work

Title: Campbell`s Soup Cans

— Why Warhol choose Campbell's Soup cans as the focal point of his pop art? One reason is that he needed a new subject after he abandoned comic strips.
— Andy Warhol (1923 – 1987) established himself as a Pop Art icon through his iconic multiple silkscreened images of Campbell’s soup cans. Produced in a studio called The Factory, Warhol’s soup cans created a sensation in the art world and launched him as an international celebrity.

Roy Lichtenstein

• Name: Roy Lichtenstein

• Nationality: American

• D.O.B: October 27, 1923

• Field: Painting , Sculpture

• Training: Ohio State University

• Art Movement: Pop Art

Art Work

Title: Whaam!

Whaam! was the famous example of pop art based on image from DC comics All American of War.

· Based on an image from 1962 issue of DC Comics’ All-American Men of War, Pop Artist Roy Lichtenstein's Whaam! (1963) is widely regarded as his most important and influential piece. The vibrant. diptych image depicts a fighter aircraft firing a rocket, with a red-and-yellow explosion in the background.

· Born in 1923 in New York, Lichtenstein became a leading figure in the Pop art movement, his paintings of comic strip cartoons, washing machines and baked potatoes now considered classics of that era.

Robert Indiana

Name: Robert Indiana(also known as Robert Clark)
Nationality: American
D.O.B: September 13, 1928
Training: Art Institute Of Chicago
Field: Painting and sculpture
Art Movement: Pop Art

Art Work

Title: Love

· Indiana's best known image is the word love in upper-case letters, arranged in a square with a tilted letter O. The iconography first appeared in a series of poems originally written in 1958, in which Indiana stacked LO and VE on top of one another. Then in a painting with the words "Love is God". The red/green/blue image was then created for a Christmas card for the Museum of Modern Art in 1964. It was put on an eight-cent U.S. Postal Service postage stamp in 1973, the first of their regular series of "love stamps".

Robert Rauschenberg

• Name: Robert Rauschenberg

• Nationality: American

• D.O.B: October 22, 1928

• Field: Assemblage

• Training: Kansas City Art Institute

• Art Movement: Pop Art

Art Work

Title: Robert Rauschenbert( American,1925-2008 )

· Robert Rauschenberg is well-known for his 'Combines' collages of the 1950s, in which non-traditional materials and objects were employed in innovative combinations. Rauschenberg was both a painter and a sculptor and the Combines are often a combination of both.

Peter Blake

• Name: Peter Blake

• Nationality: British

• D.O.B: June 25, 1932

• Field: Painting , Printmaking

• Training: Royal College Of Art

• Art Movement: Pop Art

Art Work

Title: On The Balcony,(1955-1957)

Peter Blake combined pop culture and fine art in this On the Balcony painting

· On the Balcony is an iconic piece of British Pop Art. At first glance it looks like a collage but is, in fact, a painting, beautifully composed by Peter Blake - one of the most famous British Pop Artists of the 1950s.

· A pioneer of Pop Art, Blake's paintings often incorporated imagery from advertisements and collaged elements. This On the Balcony piece, in particular, showcases the interest he had in combining pop culture with fine art.

Typography Milestone

A Concise Timeline of Printing Milestones ________________________________________________________________

3500

Sumerians use cuneiform alphabet, pressed in clay with a triangular stylus. Clay tablets were dried and/or fired for longevity. Some even had clay envelopes,' which were also inscribed. Some people consider them to be the earliest form of the book.

2500

· Animal skins are used for scrolls in Western Asia.

2400

· Date of the earliest surviving papyrus scroll with writing.

· papyrus

1900

· Hittites, from between 1900 and 1200 BC, left appr. 15,000 clay tablets

Book of the Dead, Egypt

1500

· The 'Phaistos disc', found on the island of Crete in 1908, was produced by pressing relief-carved symbols into the soft clay, then baking it. Although it contains the germ of the idea of printing, it appears to be unique.

950

· Leather is made and used for scrolls and writing.

800

· Moabite stone is created with one of the finest specimens of Phoenician writing. The letters resemble Greek.

650

· Papyrus. First rolls arrive in Greece from Egypt

600

· 6th C. BC General agreement among Mediterranean cultures on left- to-right writing and reading. Before that, there was L-R, R-L, top-to- bottom, and boustroph edonic (back-and-forth). The Hebres kept R-L.

500

· Lao-Tze's lifetime, was said to have been archivist of the imperial archives

431

· Xenophon. (431-352 BC) author of Anabasis and Memorabilia.

295

· King Ptolemy I Soter enlisted the services of the orator Demetrios Phalereus, a former governor of Athens, and empowered him to collect, if he could, all the books in the inhabited world. To support his efforts, the king sent letters to all sovereigns and governors on earth requesting that the furnish workd by poets and prose-writers,

197 197-159 BC

· In the Middle East, near Pergamum, large herds of cattle are raised for skins to be made into what we now call'parchment.'

196

The'Rosetta' stone is cut. It contains thesame text in Egyptian hieroglyphic, Egyptian demotic, and Greek writing. It was discovered in 1799 near the mouth of the Nile and served to break thecode for deciphering ancient Egyptian works.

750

· Willibrord Gospels made appr. 750, probably made by the artists of the Book of Durrow

751

· Papermaking introduced in the Islamic world

800

· Kells, Book of. written and painted at the Columbian monastery of Iona or at the Abbey of Kells in Ireland. 340 folia survived. Since 1661 in Trinity College, Dublin

800

· Marbling in Japan, first Turkish marbled paper 1586, first Dutch 1598

868

· China, oldest known woodblock printing (method was in use much earlier)

· The first book printed on paper in China, in block printed Buddhist scripts.

896

· Colophon, oldest known manuscript colophon, in Books of the Prophets written by Moses ben Asher in Tiberias.

950

· Winchester School, 950-1100, characteristic style of manuscript illumination

954

· Abingdon Monastery founded by Aethelwold, monks famous for manuscript illumination, Winchester School

1290

· Edda, Elder Edda (Saemundar Edda) written, presented to King Frederik III by the Icelandic bishop Brynjolfur Sveinsson, now in the Copenhagen Royal Library)

1313

· Giovanni Boccacio (1313-1375), author of the DECAMERON.

1325

· Biblia Pauperum made in Klosterneuburg near Vienna

1325

· Belleville Breviary by Jean Pucelle (Parisian manuscript painter)

1338

· Paper, oldest known papermill in France

1340

· Berry, Jean duc de (d.1416). Les Tres Riches Heures.

1373

· Bibliotheque Nationale. Charles V is said to be the founder of this library. The 1373 catalogue of his library lists about 1000 volumes, housed in the Louvre

1389

· Bedford, John of Lancaster, Duke. The Bedford Missal, 1423

1396

· Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy.

1399

· Gutenberg, Johann, d.1468, born in Mainz as Johann Gensfleisch zum Gutenberg

· Gutenberg type making

1420

· Caxton, William, born.

· Caxton printer device

· Caxton fonts

1456

· Gutenberg. 42-line bible by Gutenberg

1469

· Arches Papermill in Vosges, France

· French Gothic-batarde

1501

· Manutius. First time use of Francescop Griffo's *Italic* type by Manutius

· Griffos italic

1515

· Manutius, year inwhich Manutius died

· Manutius + Griffo

1517

· Teuerdank for emporer Maximilian published in a type that is considered to be a forerunner of the fraktur type. Book was printed by Hans Schönsperger.

· Henric Pieterzoon the English Teesturra